Weather Data for Agriculture

Geographic coverage	Global
Spatial resolution	To avoid reaching the query limit provided by the Meteomatics Weather API, the spatial resolution (in decimal degrees) for retrieving the time series of a weather parameter will be set based on the AOI size. The minimum resolution is 90 m (0.001 decimal degrees): 0.001 decimal degrees (AOI < 100 km2) 0.01 decimal degrees (AOI 100 - 10000 km2) 0.1 decimal degrees (AOI 10000 - 100000 km2) 1 decimal degree (AOI > 100000 km2)
Dataset type	Optical and radar
Satellite sensors	The dataset is a satellite composite that merges images acquired by the following geostationary sensors: GOES 16 GOES 17 Himawari 8 Meteosat 8 Meteosat 11 Meteosat MSG For more information, see Satellite Imagery.
Revisit frequency	sub-hourly
Data availability	Historical data: starting with 1979 Forecast data: up until 2100
Global weather forecasting model	mix
File format	NetCDF
Bit depth per pixel	64-bit (float)
Coordinate system	EPSG:4326
Request type	Route queries or data requests for a polygon
Integration options	ArcGIS, C++, Excel , Google Maps, Power BI and many more
Limitations	The AOI must be minimum 0.01 km2

Further information

In addition to the standard weather parameters available in the API, Meteomatics has created a number of derived parameters for agriculture use cases.

1) Precipitation in millimeters (API query precip_:mm)

Available intervals: 5min, 10min, 15min, 30min, 1h, 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h

Gives the amount of precipitation in millimeters that has fallen during the indicated interval.
Note: Precipitation interval parameters are right-aligned

2) Maximum size of hailstone (API query: hail_:cm)

A hail parameter describing the maximum size of the hailstones.

Available intervals: 10min, 20min, 30min, 1h, 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h

3) Maximum size of hailstone (API query: hail_:cm)

A hail parameter describing the maximum size of the hailstones.

Available intervals: 10min, 20min, 30min, 1h, 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h

4) Instantaneous temperature AGL (API query: t_:)

Gives the instantaneous temperature at the indicated level above ground in the corresponding unit.

Available levels (global): -150cm, -50cm, -15cm, -5cm, 0m, 2m - 10000m (continuously)
1000hPa, 950hPa, 925hPa, 900hPa, 850hPa, 800hPa, 700hPa, 500hPa, 300hPa, 250hPa, 200hPa, 150hPa, 100hPa, 70hPa, 50hPa, 10hPa

Available units: C, K, F

5) Frost depth (API query: frost_depth:cm)

Gives the frost depth in centimeters.

6) Soil frost (API query: soil_frost:p)

This parameter provides the probability in percent for the occurrence of soil frost based on surface and ground temperatures.

7) The soil moisture index (API query: soil_moisture_index_:idx)

The soil moisture index indicates the wetness of the soil. This index is computed using the permanent wilting point and the field capacity, which both depend on the geographical location (soil type). The index is 0 if the permanent wilting point is reached and 1 at field capacity. Note that the index can exceed 1 after rainfall events. The soil moisture index is available for 4 depth levels.

Available depths: -5cm, -15cm, -50cm, -150cm

8) Soil moisture deficit (API query: soil_moisture_deficit:mm)

This parameter computes the difference between the actual water content of the soil and the possible water content that the soil can hold in mm. The amount of water that can be hold is called field capacity. The calculation of the SMD is mainly based on soil water information in several depths as well as other meteorological parameters. The SMD is a useful tool in order to assess prevailing soil conditions like droughts. The SMD also depends on the soil type

9) Evapotranspiration (API query: evapotranspiration_:mm)

Evapotranspiration in millimeters accumulated for 1h, 3h, 6h, 12h, or 24h. Evapotranspiration (ET) is the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration from the Earth’s land and ocean surface to the atmosphere. Evaporation accounts for the movement of water to the air from sources such as the soil, canopy interception, and bodies of water. Transpiration accounts for the movement of water within a plant and the subsequent loss of water as vapor through stomata in its leaves. Evapotranspiration is an important part of the water cycle.

Available intervals: 1h, 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h

10) Growing degree days (API query: growing_degree_days_accumulated:gdd)

Growing degree days (GDD), also called growing degree units (GDUs), are a heuristic tool in phenology. GDD are a measure of heat accumulation used by horticulturists, gardeners, and farmers to predict plant and animal development rates such as the date that a flower will bloom, an insect will emerge from dormancy, or a crop will reach maturity.

11) Grass land temperature (API query: grass_land_temperature_sum:C)

This is a special form of the GDD (Growing degree days). It is used for the date determination for the start of field work after the winter. Accumulation of the mean day temperatures starts on the first of January of the indicated year.

12) Leaf wetness (API query: leaf_wetness:idx)

Leaf wetness describes the amount of dew and precipitation left on surfaces. It is used for detection of fog and dew conditions and early detection of rainfall. The output is binary where 1 indicates wetness.

13) Phytophthora negative prognosis index (API query: phytophthora_negative:idx)

The Phytophthora negative prognosis is an index for the necessity of safety measures against potato blight. No safety measures against Phytophthora infestans are necessary up to a value of 150.

14) Most similar year (API query: most_similar_year:y)

The year in which conditions on a particular date were most similar to those on the queried year.

For the complete list of weather and climate parameters, see Agricultural Parameters.